In the United States, few documents possess greater historical and symbolic significance than the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights—collectively known as the Charters of Freedom. Ratified in 1776, 1788, and 1791 respectively, these foundational texts have guided the American democratic experiment for over two centuries. Their enduring legacy demands not only national reverence but also meticulous stewardship to ensure their preservation for future generations. Yet, their journey to a shared, permanent home was far from straightforward.
The formal custodianship of these documents began on July 27, 1789, with the establishment of the United States Department of State—the first executive agency of the federal government. Among its many responsibilities, the State Department was charged with safeguarding the nation’s founding documents. While the Bill of Rights had not yet been ratified at the time, it would soon join the collection under the Department’s care. This arrangement remained largely unchanged for over a century.
In 1920, Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes, acting on recommendations from a committee of scholars, proposed that the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution be permanently preserved and potentially exhibited for public viewing. President Warren G. Harding responded swiftly, issuing an executive order transferring custody of both documents from the Department of State to the Library of Congress.
The onset of World War II temporarily disrupted efforts to establish a permanent display. For security reasons, the documents were temporarily relocated, including a brief stay at Fort Knox, Kentucky. However, on September 17, 1951, President Harry S. Truman presided over a ceremonial re-encasement of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution in helium-filled cases. Joined by Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson and members of Congress, Truman emphasized the importance of preservation, declaring that such efforts would continue to “give energy and hope to new generations in the United States and abroad.” He further expressed his desire that the Bill of Rights be encased alongside the Constitution, calling the first ten amendments “the most important part of the Constitution.” Continue reading



